Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) belongs to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), mainly encoded by a tightly linked multiple allele on the short arm of human chromosome 6, with a length of approximately 4000Kb. The main function of HLA is to mediate antigen specific recognition during the immune response process, which is closely related to the rejection reaction after tissue organ transplantation. Accurate HLA typing is of great significance for the success rate of clinical organ and bone marrow transplantation. Therefore, HLA typing needs to be performed on both donors and recipients before transplantation surgery. The HLA gene sequences of different individuals have highly complex polymorphism and homology, making it difficult to accurately classify them.
Introduction To HLA Genes
Scientists have always been confused about the role of non coding DNA fragments scattered in many eukaryotic protein coding genes without obvious biological functions. These sequences, known as introns, are usually spliced from their original sequence during transcription and translation and quickly destroyed before protein production. On January 16th, two new studies published in the journal Nature unexpectedly discovered the new role of introns (at least in yeast) - many introns remain in cells for a long time after splicing and play an important role in regulating cell growth under pressure conditions. Jurg B hler, a geneticist at University College London who was not involved in the study, commented: This is very surprising and exciting. Things like introns, which are usually considered waste, can play such a huge regulatory role under certain physiological conditions such as hunger. Since their discovery in 1977, scientists have proposed several theories on why introns exist. For example, introns may regulate gene expression by delaying the time required to convert DNA into protein. Introns also help with selective splicing, a process that allows ribosomes to assemble multiple different proteins from a single gene.
Composition Of HLA Gene Group
