DNA sequencing technology is also undergoing a revolution while promoting the development of genetics and genomics. Although traditional Sanger sequencing is still popular, most of the DNA and expressed gene sequence data now comes from next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. NGS technology provides scientists with an effective way to gain a deeper understanding of crop genomes and exciting new opportunities for crop genetics and breeding. In crops, the vast majority of genome sequencing work has adopted second-generation optical sequencing platforms. The significant reduction in sequencing costs and the rapid increase in system size have made DNA sequencing technology more convenient and powerful, even allowing high-throughput analysis of large and complex crop genomes.The use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in agriculture also helps to develop more productive and sustainable methods, enabling us to address the challenges posed by environmental change and meet the food needs of a growing population.